"Now in speaking like this, it doesn't mean that we're anti-white, but it does mean we're anti-exploitation, we're anti-degradation, we're anti-oppression. And if the white man doesn't want us to be anti-him, let him stop oppressing and exploiting and degrading us. "....
Malcolm X spoke these fateful words in the iconic year of 1964; at the height of one of the 20th Centuries' greatest Civil Rights Movement.
The speech (Ballot or Bullet) captured the attention of many civilians due to the persuasive tactics used throughout, and as a result Ranks 7th Greatest American Rhetoric Speech of all time. Points as follows:
1. Malcolm X used major rhetorical strategies throughout many speeches. 2. Malcolm X attacked many well established tendencies and traditions of African- Americans that related more with 'white America'- passionately insisting that blacks solely identified with African ancestors and culture. 3. The issue of violence was ingrained in Malcolm X's rhetoric. He refused to embrace 'non-violence', and strongly believed a non-violent overthrow was necessary to achieve success. 4. The opening line of the speech was filled with comedic wisdom. 5. Satire and Sarcasm are used throughout the speech in order to engage audience and lighten the more serious aspects s he does not appear threatening. 5. Aimed to convert an entire race to BLACK NATIONALISM, with Malcolm X's witty attitude he affected more people in a verbal sense and convinced them to become a part of his movement. 6. Led people to be increasingly disgusted with the treatment of Black Civilians by sharing his utter distaste for the WHITE MAN. 7. He was a wise man due to the fact that he always acknowledged that whenever he was present in a public environment, he will be watched by someone who is in complete disagreement of his views or him as a person. 8. Malcolm X's speeches were models of radical criticism that encouraged his audience to be critical of society.
and after all that i just realized i didn't even answer the question at all so basically Malcolm X's speeches consisted of the following persuasive techniques... INCLUSIVENESS, RELIGIOUS REFERENCES, POLITICAL REFERENCES, FACTUAL INFORMATION, GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES, HUMOUR, SARCASM and CREDIBILITY OF ORATOR.
The speech "A time to Break Silence" may not be as famous as the "I have a dream" speech, however, Martin Luther King Junior used the same persuasive methods to engage his listeners. This points are:
1. Generic Geographical References ie. "..raise my voice against the violence of the oppressed in the ghettos.." 2. Specific Geographical References ie. "..from Dexter Avenue Baptist Church -- the church in Montgomery, Alabama,.." 3. Anaphora ie. "Why are you speaking about the war, Dr. King?" "Why are you joining the voices of dissent?" 4. Bible or Church References ie. "..we in the churches and synagogues.." 5. Political References ie. "..my own government. For the sake of those boys, for the sake of this government,.." 6. Historical References ie. "For nine years following 1945.." 7. Metaphors ie. "Justice will roll down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream." 8. Figurative language ie. "..for we are deeply in need of a new way beyond the darkness that seems so close around us."
1. Religious quotations: • "...the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God." • “For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.” • “the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free."” 2. Anaphora: • i.e. “To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share…” ”To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free…” “To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…” “To our sister republics south of our border…” “To that world assembly of sovereign states…” 3. Geographic references: • Old allies, new states, people in the huts and villages, sister republics south 4. Repetition of key words: • Americans, citizens, freedom, peace 5. Historical references: • “In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.” 6. Figurative language: • “And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.” 7. Inclusiveness: • “In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.” 8. Confidence: • "So let us begin anew -- remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate."
The speech, “the Ballot or the Bullet” by Malcolm X, although not as famous as the Martin Luther King speech, “I have a dream”, is still seen today as a very persuasive and memorable speech. Malcolm X provided many persuasive techniques and methods throughout his speech, which encouraged his audience to engage in what he is proclaiming. “No, if you never see me another time in your life, if I die in the morning, I'll die saying one thing: the ballot or the bullet, the ballot or the bullet”. The techniques include: 1. RELIGIOUS/BIBLICAL REFERENCES: “Although I'm still a Muslim, I'm not here tonight to discuss my religion. I'm not here to try and change your religion. I'm not here to argue or discuss anything that we differ about, because it's time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem, a problem that will make you catch hell whether you're a Baptist, or a Methodist, or a Muslim, or a nationalist”.
Malcolm X talks about his religion, as if he has a deep faith, however, he is clearly providing the evidence that he is not trying to force his religion on anybody, only he is preaching evidence that there needs to be a change in American society, for all faith’s to live in happiness and peace.
2. GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES: “Why, if birth made you American, you wouldn't need any legislation; you wouldn't need any amendments to the Constitution; you wouldn't be faced with civil-rights filibustering in Washington, D.C., right now. They don't have to pass civil-rights legislation to make a Polack an American”.
In order to make his speech a memorable and persuasive speech, Malcolm X includes geographical references. These references prove to his audience that he is including people from all over America, not just any particular location, because all over America Black American’s are being treated as outcasts.
3. INCLUSIVE: “Mr Moderator, Brother Lomax, brothers and sisters, friends and enemies: I just can't believe everyone in here is a friend, and I don't want to leave anybody out”.
Malcolm X includes all people into his speech, not excluding anybody, which would obviously interest his listeners as it shows he has sympathy and empathy for all African American’s. He treats them as family, as one large group that work together to form the American society and make it a better place.
4. HISTORICAL REFERENCES: “If a Negro in 1964 has to sit around and wait for some cracker senator to filibuster when it comes to the rights of black people, why, you and I should hang our heads in shame. You talk about a march on Washington in 1963, you haven't seen anything. There's some more going down in '64”.
5. ANAPHORA: “Then you wonder why where you live is always a ghetto or a slum area. And where you and I are concerned, not only do we lose it when we spend it in the community, but the white man has got all our stores in the community tied up; so that though we spend it in the community, at sundown the man who runs the store takes it over across town somewhere”.
6. METAPHORS: “the ballot or the bullet”
Malcolm uses this saying as a metaphor for method of struggle for African Americans to gain and exercise their rights as full citizens.
7. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: “The year when all of the white political crooks will be right back in your and my community with their false promises, building up our hopes for a letdown, with their trickery and their treachery, with their false promises which they don't intend to keep”.
8. REPETITION: Malcolm uses repetition of key words throughout his speech to help put his point across to his audience. These include - Community - Philosophy - Negro - Americanism - Brothers and sisters - Religion - Believe - The Ballot or the bullet
I have no idea when this is due...so posting it now. I chose John F Kennedy's Inaugural Presidency Speech http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkinaugural.htm
1. JFK Uses Antithesis throughout his speech. e.g “Bitter peace”, “We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change." 2. Kennedy also had a foreign policy agenda that he wanted to be heard everywhere in the world. So the different parts of the speech were aimed to target various groups. • "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill" • "To those new nations whom we welcome to the ranks of the free" • "To those in the huts and villages of half the globe" • "To our sister republics south of the border" • "To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations" • "Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary"
3. JFK uses a biblical reference "...let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own." 4. "Ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country" A sense of patriotism and Nationalism is expressed here.
5. He provokes a sense of pride in Americans through language such as "freedom" , "Almighty God" , "our forebears" , "our ancient heritage". It is through this that he implies that with his presidency comes pride and honour for their country. 6. JFK uses alliteration: "Let us go forth to lead the land we love" 7. JFK uses imagery to provoke a strong and emotional image in the listener’s mind. "The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans" 8. JFK uses language that have a high contrast. We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom" "Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning" "Signifying renewal as well as change" "If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich" "Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate" "My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man"
“We shall overcome” speech by Lyndon Baines Johnson This speech is persuasive because:
1.It uses repetition such as •Selma •America •Nation •Equal •Colour •Race •Negroes
2.It has references to past events when he says: •“American’s have fought and died for two centuries.” •“There, long-suffering men and women peacefully protested the denial of their rights as American’s. Many were brutally assaulted. One good man, a man of God, was killed”.
3.He used specific geographic references such as: •Selma •Alabama
4.He also used generic geographic references such as: •America •Southern •Northern
5.He uses figurative speech: •“As a man whose roots go deeply into Southern soil, I know how agonizing racial feelings are.”
6.Anaphora Is used: •When he says “we shall overcome”
7.He uses inclusion when he says: •I speak tonight for the dignity of man and the destiny of Democracy. I urge every member of both parties, Americans of all religions and of all colours, from every section of this country, to join me in that cause.
RONALD REGAN – ADRESS TO THE NATION ON THE SPACE SHUTTLE “CHALLENGER” DISASTER
1. Historical referencing ‘Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground.’ ‘On this day three hundred and ninety years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama.’ 2. Biblical referencing “to "touch the face of God." “ 3. Repetition “We mourn . . “ 4. He sympathises with the audience 5. Mr. Reagan doesn’t speak like he is above anyone, he speaks to everyone as equals. 6. He takes gives a portion of the speech to explain what had happened to school children, as they witnessed the event 7. He defends the astronauts job by saying they knew what they were doing and space travel is dangerous. 8. He says the astronauts honoured their country, this would help the families in their healing process
1. Anaphora: • “To those old allies…” • “To those new states…” • “To those people in the huts…” • “Let both sides explore…” • “Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious…” • “Let both sides seek to invoke…” • “Let both sides unite to heed…”
2. Religious/biblical references: • “For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.” • “—the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.” • “Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah – to undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed free.”
3. Geographical references: • America • United Nations • Citizens • People in the huts and villages • Sister republics south
4. Inclusiveness: • “My fellow citizens of the world…” • “In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.”
5. Historical references: • “In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.”
7. Figurative language: • “…the glow from that fire can truly light the world.”
8. Confidence: • “…let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.” • “So let us begin anew – remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always a subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.”
I chose Nelson Mandela’s, “An ideal for which I am prepared to die-part 1,” this speech was given on April 20 1964 at the opening of Nelson’s trial for sabotage. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/apr/23/nelsonmandela1 1. Repetition- • Violence • Sabotage • Responsible • Leader/leadership • African(s) 2. Geographical reference- “In South Africa…” 3. Political reference- “we believed that as a result of Government policy” 4. Historical reference- “was formed in 1912 to defend the rights” 5. Metaphors- What have been the fruits of moderation? 6. Ananphora- “We” (decided/felt) 7. Figurative language- “This decision was a milestone” 8. Inclusive- in places such as Zeerust, Sekhukhuniland, and Pondoland amongst Africans.
Hey There, So I decided to choose the speech "The Remarks on the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr." by Robert F. Kennedy *http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/PDFFiles/Robert%20F.%20Kennedy%20-%20MLK%20Assassination.pdf*
1.Repetition: difficult day, in this difficult time: We will have difficult times. We've had difficult time 2.Historical: dedicate ourselves to what the Greeks wrote so many years ago 3.Metaphor: filled with bitterness 4.Inclusive: Ladies and Gentlemen, black people amongst blacks, and white amongst whites, 5.Religious: awful grace of God, , to say a prayer for the family 6.Geographical: United State 7.Anaphora: hatred and mistrust the same kind of feeling 8.Evoking emotion: you can be filled with bitterness, and with hatred, and a desire for revenge
Martin Luther King, Jr "I've Been to the Mountaintop" Martin Luther King, Jr has been known to write magnificent speeches with the art of persuasion. As in his “ I Have dream” speech, Martin Luther King, Jr uses the same techniques to persuade his audience in, “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop”. These effective techniques are listed below: 1. Generic Geographical References ie. “Something is happening in Memphis; something is happening in our world.” 2. Specific Geographical References ie “when the black people of Birmingham, Alabama, aroused the conscience of this nation, and brought into being the Civil Rights Bill.” 3. Anaphora ie. “If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around here in 1961” “If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around here in 1962” “If I had sneezed -- If I had sneezed I wouldn't have been here in 1963” “If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have had a chance later that year, in August, to try to tell America about a dream that I had had.”
“I would move on by Greece and take my mind to Mount Olympus.” “I would go on, even to the great heyday of the Roman Empire” “I would even go by the way that the man for whom I am named had his habitat. “ 4. Bible or Church References i.e. “And so the first question that the Levite asked was, "If I stop to help this man, what will happen to me?" But then the Good Samaritan came by. And he reversed the question: "If I do not stop to help this man, what will happen to him?”
5. Political References ie “But I wouldn't stop there. I would come on up even to 1863, and watch a vacillating president by the name of Abraham Lincoln finally come to the conclusion that he had to sign the Emancipation Proclamation.” 6. Historical References ie. “One day a man came to Jesus, and he wanted to raise some questions about some vital matters of life.” “But I wouldn't stop there. I would come on up even to 1863, and watch a vacillating president by the name of Abraham Lincoln finally come to the conclusion that he had to sign the Emancipation Proclamation”
7. Metaphors ie. “I would take my mental flight by Egypt and I would watch God's children in their magnificent trek from the dark dungeons of Egypt through, or rather across the Red Sea, through the wilderness on toward the promised land. And in spite of its magnificence, I wouldn't stop there. 8. Inclusion ie. “But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land!” “the cry is always the same: "We want to be free."
President Lyndon B. Johnson's Special Message to the Congress: The American Promise March 15, 1965
Write 8 bullet points why the speech is so successful:
1. Promotes equity of ALL mankind through premeditated vocabulary: “I urge every member of both parties, Americans of ALL religions and of all colors, from EVERY section of this country, to JOIN me in that cause.” Through the deliberate utilization of vocabulary that synonymously encouraged feelings of inclusion, (ie. all and every) President Johnson sparked a universal promotion of equality through the enclosure of “ALL religions and colours”, and was better able to persuade a nation when addressed as ‘equals’.
2. Enhances his ability to persuade through the constructive use of Anaphora: “SO IT WAS at Lexington and Concord. SO IT WAS a century ago at Appomattox. SO IT WAS last week in Selma, Alabama.” The use of Anaphora allows his point to be exaggerated and also stresses the necessity of a solution to the unkept “American Promise.”
3. By providing substantial evidence in regards to the Constitution, President Johnson was better able to persuade: “The CONSTITUTION says that no person shall be kept from voting because of his race or his color. We have all sworn an oath before God to support and to defend that CONSTITUTION. We must now act in obedience to that oath.” By referring to the CONSTITUTION it provides the arguments with more formally credible information. Additionally, President Johnson invokes a sense of guilt among parties of corruption, as he reminds all people that they have “sworn an oath before God” and how they must ‘act in accordance to that oath or will not only be disobeying the CONSTITUTION, but deliberately disregarding the will of God.’
4. The use of METAPHORIC LANGUAGE gives otherwise dull writing, colour and allows the audience to be further engaged and willing to listen: “So we want to open the gates to opportunity. But we are also going to give all our people, black and white, the help that they need to walk through those gates.”
5. BIBLICAL REFERENCES allows there to be depth in writing through means of the will of God and what he wanted for the people of His earth: “Above the pyramid on the great seal of the United States it says--in Latin--"GOD has favored our undertaking”. GOD will not favor everything that we do. It is rather our duty to divine HIS WILL. But I cannot help believing that He truly understands and that He really favors the undertaking that we begin here tonight.” President Johnson mentions the will of God and uses it as a form of BIBLICAL REFERENCE.
7. GEOGRAPHIC REFERENCES allow a sense of inclusion and unity to be felt among listeners: “And I have not the slightest doubt that good men from everywhere in this country, from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, from the Golden Gate to the harbors along the Atlantic, will rally together now in this cause to vindicate the freedom of all Americans.”
8. HISTORIC REFERENCES further heighten credibility: “It was more than a hundred years ago that ABRAHAM LINCOLN, a great President of ANOTHER party, signed the EMANCIPATION PROCLOMATION, but emancipation is a proclamation and not a fact.”
* If you hadn't already figured it out, I am Hazel.... Goodbye, Farewell, Adios and Adieu!
I choose Franklin Delano Roosevelt's "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation" delivered on the 8th of December 1941 I think this speech is persuasive because it shows evidence of using the following techniques: 1. Anaphora - Last night, Japanese forces 2. Specific Geographical References -Empire of Japan -Hawaii -Hong Kong 3. Generic geographical Refrences -Pacific -nation 4.Includes "daily activity" in his speech There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger. 5.refers to God and the bible "so help us God" 6. repetition of the phrase -absolute victory -deliberately attacked -shall never again endanger us 7. states the harsh facts -Hostilities exist -deliberately planned 8.Political References -Mr. Vice President -Mr. Speaker -Members of the Senate -House of Representatives -emperor -government -ambassador
JOHN F.KENNEDY: INAUGURAL ADDRESS 1. Repetition American,freedom,pledge,peace,nation
2. Figurative Language "And the glow from that fire can truly light the world."
3. Anaphora To those old allies.. To those new states.. Let both sides explore what.. Let both sides, for the first time.. Let both sides seek to invoke..
4. Geographical References People in the huts and villages America United Nations Sister republics south
5. Biblical Reference Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free." The belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God."
6. Historical References For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger
7. Inclusiveness In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. my fellow Americans
8. Evokes Emotion
not a new balance of power, but a new world of law -- where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved.
he dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.
Although Martin Luther King, Jr.'s speech 'A time to break silence' may not be as legendary and famous as his 'I have a dream speech, however it does show many aspects of persuasive writing. 1. Repition: achieve, African, Leader, Responsible, Violence, organisation 2. Historical:"...at the end of May 1961...." ; "...I was arrested in August 1962...." ; "The African National Congress was formed in 1912 to ..." 3. Metaphor: ""Who will deny that thirty years of my life have been spent knocking in vain, patiently, moderately, and modestly at a closed and barred door? What have been the fruits of moderation?" 4. Inclusive: South Africa , Transkei, Pondoland 5. Political: "Firstly, we believed that as a result of Government policy, violence by the African people had become inevitable, and that unless responsible leadership was given to canalise and control the feelings of our people, there would be outbreaks of terrorism which would produce an intensity of bitterness and hostility between the various races of this country which is not produced even by war." 5. Geographical: South Africa 6. Anaphora: none 7. Emotions: "...produce an intensity of bitterness " 8. Inclusive: South Africa, Sekhukhuniland, Zeerust
Lyndon Bines Johnson effectively induces his American audience to listen to and trust his notions proposed in his deliverance of ‘We shall Overcome’ in 1965 through some of the following literary techniques:
1. GENERIC GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES: - ‘I urge every member of both parties, Americans of all religions and of all colors, from every section of this country, to join me in that cause.’ - ‘all black and white, all North and South’ - ‘sharecropper and city dweller.’
2. SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES: - ‘In Buffalo as well as in Birmingham, in Philadelphia as well as Selma’ - ‘everywhere in this country, from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, from the Golden Gate to the harbors along the Atlantic’
3. ANAPHORA: - ‘I know how…’ - ‘How many…’ - ‘I want to be the president who…’ - ‘More than a hundred years…’
4. RELIGIOUS REFERENCES: - ‘"God has favored our undertaking." God will not favor everything that we do. It is rather our duty to divine His will. But I cannot help believing that He truly understands and that He really favors the undertaking that we begin here tonight.’
5. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE: - ‘if this noble view of the rights of man was to flourish, it must be rooted in democracy’
6. HISTORICAL REFERENCES: - ‘But a century has passed, more than a hundred years since the Negro was freed.’ - ‘It was more than a hundred years ago that Abraham Lincoln, a great President of another party, signed the Emancipation Proclamation’ - ‘So it was at Lexington and Concord. So it was a century ago at Appomattox. So it was last week in Selma, Alabama. ‘
8. RHETORICAL QUESTIONS - ‘How many white children have gone uneducated? How many white families have lived in stark poverty? How many white lives have been scarred by fear, because we've wasted our energy and our substance to maintain the barriers of hatred and terror?’ - ‘"What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?"’
Martin Luther King Jr. spoke at the Mason Temple on April 3 1968, delivering his speech, “I’ve been to the Mountaintop”, voicing his concerns for the Memphis Sanitation Strike. He calls for unity and non-violent protests and challenges America to be “what it ought to be”. This was the last speech King delivered, one which uses an array of persuasive techniques and methods to encourage change. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop.htm
1. ANAPHORA: “If I had sneezed…” and “I would…”
2. BIBLICAL REFERENCE: “I would take my mental flight by Egypt and I would watch God's children in their magnificent trek from the dark dungeons of Egypt through, or rather across the Red Sea, through the wilderness on toward the Promised Land.”
3. HISTORICAL REFERENCE: “to those great wells of democracy which were dug deep by the Founding Fathers in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.”
4. METAPHORS: “I would take my mental flight” “Scratching where they didn't itch” "Over my head I see freedom in the air"
5. GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE: New York City, Selma, Alabama, Memphis
6. Empowering language: “Let us rise up tonight with a greater readiness. Let us stand with a greater determination. And let us move on in these powerful days, these days of challenge to make America what it ought to be. We have an opportunity to make America a better nation. And I want to thank God, once more, for allowing me to be here with you.” (REPITION OF “LET US”)
7. REPITION OF BIBLICAL THEMES and referral to Biblical stories and events. Martin Luther King Jr. focuses heavily upon the Bible and calls upon people’s faith and belief of what is right and what a person should do, which is also achieved through questioning the audiences morals.
8. POSING RHETORICAL QUESTIONS in relation to the Bible - “That is the question before you tonight. Not, "If I stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to my job. Not, "If I stop to help the sanitation workers what will happen to all of the hours that I usually spend in my office every day and every week as a pastor?" The question is not, "If I stop to help this man in need, what will happen to me?" The question is, "If I do not stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to them?" That's the question.”
In the speech, Malcom X has used 1. religious examples; whether you're a Baptist, or a Methodist, or a Muslim, or a nationalist. 2. repition; politices, politition, political 3. anaphora; I'm one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of Americanism. One of the 22 million black people who are the victims of democracy 4. used facts and statistics; 257 Democrats to only 177 Republicans. They control two-thirds of the House vote. 5. metaphores; It is in the same breath as Mississippi. 6. geographical exapmples; Washington, D.C., Texas, Mississippi 7. Though provoking quotes; The Negro Revolt, and Where Do We Go From Here? or What Next? 8. shows that everyone is equal (gives examples of his point); Whether we are Christians or Muslims or nationalists or agnostics or atheists, we must first learn to forget our differences. The speech is succesful becuase he gave his points clearly and gave no room for rebuttle on the other side.
I chose the speech “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” by Martin Luther King Jr. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop.htm
1. Anaphora: “Somewhere I read..”, “We don't have to argue..”. “If I had sneezed…”
2. Biblical reference: “and say, "God sent us by here, to say to you that you're not treating his children right.” “I just want to do God's will. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over. And I've seen the Promised Land.” “Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord!!”
3. Specific geographical reference: “It's all right to talk about the new Jerusalem, but one day, God's preacher must talk about the new New York, the new Atlanta, the new Philadelphia, the new Los Angeles, the new Memphis, Tennessee.”
4. Historical reference: “by the Founding Fathers in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.” “And I would see Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Euripides and Aristophanes assembled around the Parthenon. And I would watch them around the Parthenon as they discussed the great and eternal issues of reality.”
5. Metaphor: “great wells of democracy which were dug deep…”, “see a man grappling with the problems of the bankruptcy of his nation.” "Let justice roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream."
6. Generic geographical reference: “something is happening in our world.”
7. Themes: American dream, Freedom, Justice.
8. Rhetorical questions: “Now, what does all of this mean in this great period of history?” “If I do not stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to them?”
Malcom X: Message to the Grass Roots http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=1145
1. Anaphora's We want to... [First sentence/First paragraph] We come together... [Second paragraph] You don't catch hell... [Second pargraph]
2. Biblical References You don’t catch hell ’cause you’re a Baptist, and you don’t catch hell ’cause you’re a Methodist. You don’t catch hell ’cause you’re a Methodist or Baptist. You don’t catch hell because you’re a Democrat or a Republican...[Second paragraph]
3. Specific Geographic Reference/4. Historical Reference And when you and I here in Detroit and in Michigan and in America who have been awakened today look around us, we too realize here in America we all have a common enemy, whether he’s in Georgia or Michigan, whether he’s in California or New York [Pargraph 8]
In Bandung back in, I think, 1954... [Pargraph 5]
6. Themes Differences, Loyalty
7. Rhetorical Questions Are they both the same? And if they’re not, what is the difference?
ANAPHORA: - That we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty. - both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war - The energy, the faith, the devotion
METAPHOR: - riding the back of the tiger - to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield - Unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free." - to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle - And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
BIBLICAL REFERENCE: - For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago. - For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. - With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.
HISTORICAL REFERENCE: - All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this Administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. - In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.
REPETITION: - To those old allies, To those new states, To those people, - Let both sides explore, Let both sides, for the first time, Let both sides seek to invoke, Let both sides unite - My fellow Americans, My fellow citizens
GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE: - new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, - people in the huts and villages of half the globe - south of our border - United Nations - Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?
RHETORICAL QUESTIONS: - Can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. - Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort? - Whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.
EMPOWERING LANGUAGE: - Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction. - Explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. - Or the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations. - Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.
Ladies,
"Now in speaking like this, it doesn't mean that we're anti-white, but it does mean we're anti-exploitation, we're anti-degradation, we're anti-oppression. And if the white man doesn't want us to be anti-him, let him stop oppressing and exploiting and degrading us. "....
ReplyDeleteMalcolm X spoke these fateful words in the iconic year of 1964; at the height of one of the 20th Centuries' greatest Civil Rights Movement.
The speech (Ballot or Bullet) captured the attention of many civilians due to the persuasive tactics used throughout, and as a result Ranks 7th Greatest American Rhetoric Speech of all time. Points as follows:
1. Malcolm X used major rhetorical strategies throughout many speeches.
2. Malcolm X attacked many well established tendencies and traditions of African- Americans that related more with 'white America'- passionately insisting that blacks solely identified with African ancestors and culture.
3. The issue of violence was ingrained in Malcolm X's rhetoric. He refused to embrace 'non-violence', and strongly believed a non-violent overthrow was necessary to achieve success.
4. The opening line of the speech was filled with comedic wisdom.
5. Satire and Sarcasm are used throughout the speech in order to engage audience and lighten the more serious aspects s he does not appear threatening.
5. Aimed to convert an entire race to BLACK NATIONALISM, with Malcolm X's witty attitude he affected more people in a verbal sense and convinced them to become a part of his movement.
6. Led people to be increasingly disgusted with the treatment of Black Civilians by sharing his utter distaste for the WHITE MAN.
7. He was a wise man due to the fact that he always acknowledged that whenever he was present in a public environment, he will be watched by someone who is in complete disagreement of his views or him as a person.
8. Malcolm X's speeches were models of radical criticism that encouraged his audience to be critical of society.
and after all that i just realized i didn't even answer the question at all so basically Malcolm X's speeches consisted of the following persuasive techniques... INCLUSIVENESS, RELIGIOUS REFERENCES, POLITICAL REFERENCES, FACTUAL INFORMATION, GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES, HUMOUR, SARCASM and CREDIBILITY OF ORATOR.
done! goodbye!
and i spelt my name wrong
ReplyDeleteThe speech "A time to Break Silence" may not be as famous as the "I have a dream" speech, however, Martin Luther King Junior used the same persuasive methods to engage his listeners. This points are:
ReplyDelete1. Generic Geographical References ie. "..raise my voice against the violence of the oppressed in the ghettos.."
2. Specific Geographical References ie. "..from Dexter Avenue Baptist Church -- the church in Montgomery, Alabama,.."
3. Anaphora ie. "Why are you speaking about the war, Dr. King?" "Why are you joining the voices of dissent?"
4. Bible or Church References ie. "..we in the churches and synagogues.."
5. Political References ie. "..my own government. For the sake of those boys, for the sake of this government,.."
6. Historical References ie. "For nine years following 1945.."
7. Metaphors ie. "Justice will roll down like waters, and righteousness like a mighty stream."
8. Figurative language ie. "..for we are deeply in need of a new way beyond the darkness that seems so close around us."
Inaugural Speech, by John F. Kennedy
ReplyDelete1. Religious quotations:
• "...the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God."
• “For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.”
• “the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free."”
2. Anaphora:
• i.e. “To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share…”
”To those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free…”
“To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery…”
“To our sister republics south of our border…”
“To that world assembly of sovereign states…”
3. Geographic references:
• Old allies, new states, people in the huts and villages, sister republics south
4. Repetition of key words:
• Americans, citizens, freedom, peace
5. Historical references:
• “In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.”
6. Figurative language:
• “And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.”
7. Inclusiveness:
• “In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.”
8. Confidence:
• "So let us begin anew -- remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate."
The speech, “the Ballot or the Bullet” by Malcolm X, although not as famous as the Martin Luther King speech, “I have a dream”, is still seen today as a very persuasive and memorable speech. Malcolm X provided many persuasive techniques and methods throughout his speech, which encouraged his audience to engage in what he is proclaiming.
ReplyDelete“No, if you never see me another time in your life, if I die in the morning, I'll die saying one thing: the ballot or the bullet, the ballot or the bullet”.
The techniques include:
1. RELIGIOUS/BIBLICAL REFERENCES:
“Although I'm still a Muslim, I'm not here tonight to discuss my religion. I'm not here to try and change your religion. I'm not here to argue or discuss anything that we differ about, because it's time for us to submerge our differences and realize that it is best for us to first see that we have the same problem, a common problem, a problem that will make you catch hell whether you're a Baptist, or a Methodist, or a Muslim, or a nationalist”.
Malcolm X talks about his religion, as if he has a deep faith, however, he is clearly providing the evidence that he is not trying to force his religion on anybody, only he is preaching evidence that there needs to be a change in American society, for all faith’s to live in happiness and peace.
2. GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES:
“Why, if birth made you American, you wouldn't need any legislation; you wouldn't need any amendments to the Constitution; you wouldn't be faced with civil-rights filibustering in Washington, D.C., right now. They don't have to pass civil-rights legislation to make a Polack an American”.
In order to make his speech a memorable and persuasive speech, Malcolm X includes geographical references. These references prove to his audience that he is including people from all over America, not just any particular location, because all over America Black American’s are being treated as outcasts.
3. INCLUSIVE:
“Mr Moderator, Brother Lomax, brothers and sisters, friends and enemies: I just can't believe everyone in here is a friend, and I don't want to leave anybody out”.
Malcolm X includes all people into his speech, not excluding anybody, which would obviously interest his listeners as it shows he has sympathy and empathy for all African American’s. He treats them as family, as one large group that work together to form the American society and make it a better place.
4. HISTORICAL REFERENCES:
“If a Negro in 1964 has to sit around and wait for some cracker senator to filibuster when it comes to the rights of black people, why, you and I should hang our heads in shame. You talk about a march on Washington in 1963, you haven't seen anything. There's some more going down in '64”.
5. ANAPHORA:
“Then you wonder why where you live is always a ghetto or a slum area. And where you and I are concerned, not only do we lose it when we spend it in the community, but the white man has got all our stores in the community tied up; so that though we spend it in the community, at sundown the man who runs the store takes it over across town somewhere”.
6. METAPHORS:
“the ballot or the bullet”
Malcolm uses this saying as a metaphor for method of struggle for African Americans to gain and exercise their rights as full citizens.
7. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE:
“The year when all of the white political crooks will be right back in your and my community with their false promises, building up our hopes for a letdown, with their trickery and their treachery, with their false promises which they don't intend to keep”.
8. REPETITION:
Malcolm uses repetition of key words throughout his speech to help put his point across to his audience. These include
- Community
- Philosophy
- Negro
- Americanism
- Brothers and sisters
- Religion
- Believe
- The Ballot or the bullet
I have no idea when this is due...so posting it now.
ReplyDeleteI chose John F Kennedy's Inaugural Presidency Speech
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkinaugural.htm
1. JFK Uses Antithesis throughout his speech. e.g “Bitter peace”, “We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change."
2. Kennedy also had a foreign policy agenda that he wanted to be heard everywhere in the world. So the different parts of the speech were aimed to target various groups.
• "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill"
• "To those new nations whom we welcome to the ranks of the free"
• "To those in the huts and villages of half the globe"
• "To our sister republics south of the border"
• "To that world assembly of sovereign states, the United Nations"
• "Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary"
3. JFK uses a biblical reference "...let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own."
4. "Ask not what your country can do for you - ask what you can do for your country" A sense of patriotism and Nationalism is expressed here.
5. He provokes a sense of pride in Americans through language such as "freedom" , "Almighty God" , "our forebears" , "our ancient heritage". It is through this that he implies that with his presidency comes pride and honour for their country.
6. JFK uses alliteration: "Let us go forth to lead the land we love"
7. JFK uses imagery to provoke a strong and emotional image in the listener’s mind. "The torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans"
8. JFK uses language that have a high contrast.
We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom"
"Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning"
"Signifying renewal as well as change"
"If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich"
"Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate"
"My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man"
Kiara :D
“We shall overcome” speech by Lyndon Baines Johnson
ReplyDeleteThis speech is persuasive because:
1.It uses repetition such as
•Selma
•America
•Nation
•Equal
•Colour
•Race
•Negroes
2.It has references to past events when he says:
•“American’s have fought and died for two centuries.”
•“There, long-suffering men and women peacefully protested the denial of their rights as American’s. Many were brutally assaulted. One good man, a man of God, was killed”.
3.He used specific geographic references such as:
•Selma
•Alabama
4.He also used generic geographic references such as:
•America
•Southern
•Northern
5.He uses figurative speech:
•“As a man whose roots go deeply into Southern soil, I know how agonizing racial feelings are.”
6.Anaphora Is used:
•When he says “we shall overcome”
7.He uses inclusion when he says:
•I speak tonight for the dignity of man and the destiny of Democracy. I urge every member of both parties, Americans of all religions and of all colours, from every section of this country, to join me in that cause.
8.The themes are:
•Freedom
•Faith
•Justice
•Equality
RONALD REGAN – ADRESS TO THE NATION ON THE SPACE SHUTTLE “CHALLENGER” DISASTER
ReplyDelete1. Historical referencing
‘Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground.’
‘On this day three hundred and ninety years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama.’
2. Biblical referencing
“to "touch the face of God." “
3. Repetition
“We mourn . . “
4. He sympathises with the audience
5. Mr. Reagan doesn’t speak like he is above anyone, he speaks to everyone as equals.
6. He takes gives a portion of the speech to explain what had happened to school children, as they witnessed the event
7. He defends the astronauts job by saying they knew what they were doing and space travel is dangerous.
8. He says the astronauts honoured their country, this would help the families in their healing process
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ronaldreaganchallenger.htm
Inaugural Address – John F. Kennedy
ReplyDelete1. Anaphora:
• “To those old allies…”
• “To those new states…”
• “To those people in the huts…”
• “Let both sides explore…”
• “Let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious…”
• “Let both sides seek to invoke…”
• “Let both sides unite to heed…”
2. Religious/biblical references:
• “For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.”
• “—the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.”
• “Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah – to undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed free.”
3. Geographical references:
• America
• United Nations
• Citizens
• People in the huts and villages
• Sister republics south
4. Inclusiveness:
• “My fellow citizens of the world…”
• “In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.”
5. Historical references:
• “In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.”
6. Repetition:
• Americans
• Pledge
• Nations
• Citizens
7. Figurative language:
• “…the glow from that fire can truly light the world.”
8. Confidence:
• “…let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.”
• “So let us begin anew – remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always a subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.”
http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkinaugural.htm
I chose Nelson Mandela’s, “An ideal for which I am prepared to die-part 1,” this speech was given on April 20 1964 at the opening of Nelson’s trial for sabotage. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/apr/23/nelsonmandela1
ReplyDelete1. Repetition-
• Violence
• Sabotage
• Responsible
• Leader/leadership
• African(s)
2. Geographical reference-
“In South Africa…”
3. Political reference-
“we believed that as a result of Government policy”
4. Historical reference-
“was formed in 1912 to defend the rights”
5. Metaphors- What have been the fruits of moderation?
6. Ananphora-
“We” (decided/felt)
7. Figurative language-
“This decision was a milestone”
8. Inclusive-
in places such as Zeerust, Sekhukhuniland, and Pondoland amongst Africans.
Hey There,
ReplyDeleteSo I decided to choose the speech "The Remarks on the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr." by Robert F. Kennedy *http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/PDFFiles/Robert%20F.%20Kennedy%20-%20MLK%20Assassination.pdf*
1.Repetition: difficult day, in this difficult time: We will have difficult times. We've had difficult time
2.Historical: dedicate ourselves to what the Greeks wrote so many years ago
3.Metaphor: filled with bitterness
4.Inclusive: Ladies and Gentlemen, black people amongst
blacks, and white amongst whites,
5.Religious: awful grace of God, , to say a prayer for the family
6.Geographical: United State
7.Anaphora: hatred and mistrust the same kind of feeling
8.Evoking emotion: you can be filled with bitterness, and with hatred, and a desire
for revenge
Martin Luther King, Jr
ReplyDelete"I've Been to the Mountaintop"
Martin Luther King, Jr has been known to write magnificent speeches with the art of persuasion. As in his “ I Have dream” speech, Martin Luther King, Jr uses the same techniques to persuade his audience in, “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop”. These effective techniques are listed below:
1. Generic Geographical References ie. “Something is happening in Memphis; something is happening in our world.”
2. Specific Geographical References ie “when the black people of Birmingham, Alabama, aroused the conscience of this nation, and brought into being the Civil Rights Bill.”
3. Anaphora ie.
“If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around here in 1961”
“If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around here in 1962”
“If I had sneezed -- If I had sneezed I wouldn't have been here in 1963”
“If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have had a chance later that year, in August, to try to tell America about a dream that I had had.”
“I would move on by Greece and take my mind to Mount Olympus.”
“I would go on, even to the great heyday of the Roman Empire”
“I would even go by the way that the man for whom I am named had his habitat. “
4. Bible or Church References i.e. “And so the first question that the Levite asked was, "If I stop to help this man, what will happen to me?" But then the Good Samaritan came by. And he reversed the question: "If I do not stop to help this man, what will happen to him?”
5. Political References ie “But I wouldn't stop there. I would come on up even to 1863, and watch a vacillating president by the name of Abraham Lincoln finally come to the conclusion that he had to sign the Emancipation Proclamation.”
6. Historical References ie. “One day a man came to Jesus, and he wanted to raise some questions about some vital matters of life.”
“But I wouldn't stop there. I would come on up even to 1863, and watch a vacillating president by the name of Abraham Lincoln finally come to the conclusion that he had to sign the Emancipation Proclamation”
7. Metaphors ie. “I would take my mental flight by Egypt and I would watch God's children in their magnificent trek from the dark dungeons of Egypt through, or rather across the Red Sea, through the wilderness on toward the promised land. And in spite of its magnificence, I wouldn't stop there.
8. Inclusion ie. “But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land!”
“the cry is always the same: "We want to be free."
President Lyndon B. Johnson's Special Message to the Congress:
ReplyDeleteThe American Promise
March 15, 1965
Write 8 bullet points why the speech is so successful:
1. Promotes equity of ALL mankind through premeditated vocabulary: “I urge every member of both parties, Americans of ALL religions and of all colors, from EVERY section of this country, to JOIN me in that cause.” Through the deliberate utilization of vocabulary that synonymously encouraged feelings of inclusion, (ie. all and every) President Johnson sparked a universal promotion of equality through the enclosure of “ALL religions and colours”, and was better able to persuade a nation when addressed as ‘equals’.
2. Enhances his ability to persuade through the constructive use of Anaphora: “SO IT WAS at Lexington and Concord. SO IT WAS a century ago at Appomattox. SO IT WAS last week in Selma, Alabama.” The use of Anaphora allows his point to be exaggerated and also stresses the necessity of a solution to the unkept “American Promise.”
3. By providing substantial evidence in regards to the Constitution, President Johnson was better able to persuade: “The CONSTITUTION says that no person shall be kept from voting because of his race or his color. We have all sworn an oath before God to support and to defend that CONSTITUTION. We must now act in obedience to that oath.” By referring to the CONSTITUTION it provides the arguments with more formally credible information. Additionally, President Johnson invokes a sense of guilt among parties of corruption, as he reminds all people that they have “sworn an oath before God” and how they must ‘act in accordance to that oath or will not only be disobeying the CONSTITUTION, but deliberately disregarding the will of God.’
4. The use of METAPHORIC LANGUAGE gives otherwise dull writing, colour and allows the audience to be further engaged and willing to listen: “So we want to open the gates to opportunity. But we are also going to give all our people, black and white, the help that they need to walk through those gates.”
5. BIBLICAL REFERENCES allows there to be depth in writing through means of the will of God and what he wanted for the people of His earth: “Above the pyramid on the great seal of the United States it says--in Latin--"GOD has favored our undertaking”. GOD will not favor everything that we do. It is rather our duty to divine HIS WILL. But I cannot help believing that He truly understands and that He really favors the undertaking that we begin here tonight.” President Johnson mentions the will of God and uses it as a form of BIBLICAL REFERENCE.
6. REPETITION:
• PROMISE
• NATION
• AMERICA/NS
• DIGNITY
• FREEDOM
7. GEOGRAPHIC REFERENCES allow a sense of inclusion and unity to be felt among listeners: “And I have not the slightest doubt that good men from everywhere in this country, from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, from the Golden Gate to the harbors along the Atlantic, will rally together now in this cause to vindicate the freedom of all Americans.”
8. HISTORIC REFERENCES further heighten credibility: “It was more than a hundred years ago that ABRAHAM LINCOLN, a great President of ANOTHER party, signed the EMANCIPATION PROCLOMATION, but emancipation is a proclamation and not a fact.”
* If you hadn't already figured it out, I am Hazel....
Goodbye, Farewell, Adios and Adieu!
I choose Franklin Delano Roosevelt's "Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation" delivered on the 8th of December 1941
ReplyDeleteI think this speech is persuasive because it shows evidence of using the following techniques:
1. Anaphora
- Last night, Japanese forces
2. Specific Geographical References
-Empire of Japan
-Hawaii
-Hong Kong
3. Generic geographical Refrences
-Pacific
-nation
4.Includes "daily activity" in his speech
There is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory, and our interests are in grave danger.
5.refers to God and the bible
"so help us God"
6. repetition of the phrase
-absolute victory
-deliberately attacked
-shall never again endanger us
7. states the harsh facts
-Hostilities exist
-deliberately planned
8.Political References
-Mr. Vice President
-Mr. Speaker
-Members of the Senate
-House of Representatives
-emperor
-government
-ambassador
JOHN F.KENNEDY: INAUGURAL ADDRESS
ReplyDelete1. Repetition
American,freedom,pledge,peace,nation
2. Figurative Language
"And the glow from that fire can truly light the world."
3. Anaphora
To those old allies..
To those new states..
Let both sides explore what..
Let both sides, for the first time..
Let both sides seek to invoke..
4. Geographical References
People in the huts and villages
America
United Nations
Sister republics south
5. Biblical Reference
Let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free."
The belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God."
6. Historical References
For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.
long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger
7. Inclusiveness
In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.
my fellow Americans
8. Evokes Emotion
not a new balance of power, but a new world of law -- where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved.
he dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.
Although Martin Luther King, Jr.'s speech 'A time to break silence' may not be as legendary and famous as his 'I have a dream speech, however it does show many aspects of persuasive writing.
ReplyDelete1. Repition: achieve, African, Leader, Responsible, Violence, organisation
2. Historical:"...at the end of May 1961...." ; "...I was arrested in August 1962...." ; "The African National Congress was formed in 1912 to ..."
3. Metaphor: ""Who will deny that thirty years of my life have been spent knocking in vain, patiently, moderately, and modestly at a closed and barred door? What have been the fruits of moderation?"
4. Inclusive: South Africa , Transkei, Pondoland
5. Political: "Firstly, we believed that as a result of Government policy, violence by the African people had become inevitable, and that unless responsible leadership was given to canalise and control the feelings of our people, there would be outbreaks of terrorism which would produce an intensity of bitterness and hostility between the various races of this country which is not produced even by war."
5. Geographical: South Africa
6. Anaphora: none
7. Emotions: "...produce an intensity of bitterness "
8. Inclusive: South Africa, Sekhukhuniland, Zeerust
Lyndon Bines Johnson effectively induces his American audience to listen to and trust his notions proposed in his deliverance of ‘We shall Overcome’ in 1965 through some of the following literary techniques:
ReplyDelete1. GENERIC GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES:
- ‘I urge every member of both parties, Americans of all religions and of all colors, from every section of this country, to join me in that cause.’
- ‘all black and white, all North and South’
- ‘sharecropper and city dweller.’
2. SPECIFIC GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES:
- ‘In Buffalo as well as in Birmingham, in Philadelphia as well as Selma’
- ‘everywhere in this country, from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, from the Golden Gate to the harbors along the Atlantic’
3. ANAPHORA:
- ‘I know how…’
- ‘How many…’
- ‘I want to be the president who…’
- ‘More than a hundred years…’
4. RELIGIOUS REFERENCES:
- ‘"God has favored our undertaking." God will not favor everything that we do. It is rather our duty to divine His will. But I cannot help believing that He truly understands and that He really favors the undertaking that we begin here tonight.’
5. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE:
- ‘if this noble view of the rights of man was to flourish, it must be rooted in democracy’
6. HISTORICAL REFERENCES:
- ‘But a century has passed, more than a hundred years since the Negro was freed.’
- ‘It was more than a hundred years ago that Abraham Lincoln, a great President of another party, signed the Emancipation Proclamation’
- ‘So it was at Lexington and Concord. So it was a century ago at Appomattox. So it was last week in Selma, Alabama. ‘
7. REPETITION:
- ‘America/n/s’ [34]
- ‘Free/d/om’ [12]
- ‘Negro/es’ [11]
- ‘Equal/ity’ [11]
- ‘Justice’ [6]
8. RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
- ‘How many white children have gone uneducated? How many white families have lived in stark poverty? How many white lives have been scarred by fear, because we've wasted our energy and our substance to maintain the barriers of hatred and terror?’
- ‘"What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?"’
Night Night :)
Martin Luther King Jr. spoke at the Mason Temple on April 3 1968, delivering his speech, “I’ve been to the Mountaintop”, voicing his concerns for the Memphis Sanitation Strike. He calls for unity and non-violent protests and challenges America to be “what it ought to be”. This was the last speech King delivered, one which uses an array of persuasive techniques and methods to encourage change. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop.htm
ReplyDelete1. ANAPHORA: “If I had sneezed…” and “I would…”
2. BIBLICAL REFERENCE: “I would take my mental flight by Egypt and I would watch God's children in their magnificent trek from the dark dungeons of Egypt through, or rather across the Red Sea, through the wilderness on toward the Promised Land.”
3. HISTORICAL REFERENCE: “to those great wells of democracy which were dug deep by the Founding Fathers in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.”
4. METAPHORS: “I would take my mental flight”
“Scratching where they didn't itch”
"Over my head I see freedom in the air"
5. GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE: New York City, Selma, Alabama, Memphis
6. Empowering language: “Let us rise up tonight with a greater readiness. Let us stand with a greater determination. And let us move on in these powerful days, these days of challenge to make America what it ought to be. We have an opportunity to make America a better nation. And I want to thank God, once more, for allowing me to be here with you.” (REPITION OF “LET US”)
7. REPITION OF BIBLICAL THEMES and referral to Biblical stories and events. Martin Luther King Jr. focuses heavily upon the Bible and calls upon people’s faith and belief of what is right and what a person should do, which is also achieved through questioning the audiences morals.
8. POSING RHETORICAL QUESTIONS in relation to the Bible - “That is the question before you tonight. Not, "If I stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to my job. Not, "If I stop to help the sanitation workers what will happen to all of the hours that I usually spend in my office every day and every week as a pastor?" The question is not, "If I stop to help this man in need, what will happen to me?" The question is, "If I do not stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to them?" That's the question.”
http://www.famousquotes.me.uk/speeches/Malcolm_x/1.htm
ReplyDeleteIn the speech, Malcom X has used
1. religious examples; whether you're a Baptist, or a Methodist, or a Muslim, or a nationalist.
2. repition; politices, politition, political
3. anaphora; I'm one of the 22 million black people who are the victims of Americanism. One of the 22 million black people who are the victims of democracy
4. used facts and statistics; 257 Democrats to only 177 Republicans. They control two-thirds of the House vote.
5. metaphores; It is in the same breath as Mississippi.
6. geographical exapmples; Washington, D.C., Texas, Mississippi
7. Though provoking quotes; The Negro Revolt, and Where Do We Go From Here? or What Next?
8. shows that everyone is equal (gives examples of his point); Whether we are Christians or Muslims or nationalists or agnostics or atheists, we must first learn to forget our differences.
The speech is succesful becuase he gave his points clearly and gave no room for rebuttle on the other side.
I chose the speech “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” by Martin Luther King Jr.
ReplyDeletehttp://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop.htm
1. Anaphora:
“Somewhere I read..”, “We don't have to argue..”. “If I had sneezed…”
2. Biblical reference:
“and say, "God sent us by here, to say to you that you're not treating his children right.” “I just want to do God's will. And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over. And I've seen the Promised Land.” “Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord!!”
3. Specific geographical reference:
“It's all right to talk about the new Jerusalem, but one day, God's preacher must talk about the new New York, the new Atlanta, the new Philadelphia, the new Los Angeles, the new Memphis, Tennessee.”
4. Historical reference:
“by the Founding Fathers in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.” “And I would see Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Euripides and Aristophanes assembled around the Parthenon. And I would watch them around the Parthenon as they discussed the great and eternal issues of reality.”
5. Metaphor:
“great wells of democracy which were dug deep…”, “see a man grappling with the problems of the bankruptcy of his nation.” "Let justice roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream."
6. Generic geographical reference:
“something is happening in our world.”
7. Themes:
American dream, Freedom, Justice.
8. Rhetorical questions:
“Now, what does all of this mean in this great period of history?” “If I do not stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to them?”
Malcom X: Message to the Grass Roots
ReplyDeletehttp://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=1145
1. Anaphora's
We want to... [First sentence/First paragraph]
We come together... [Second paragraph]
You don't catch hell... [Second pargraph]
2. Biblical References
You don’t catch hell ’cause you’re a Baptist, and you don’t catch hell ’cause you’re a Methodist. You don’t catch hell ’cause you’re a Methodist or Baptist. You don’t catch hell because you’re a Democrat or a Republican...[Second paragraph]
3. Specific Geographic Reference/4. Historical Reference
And when you and I here in Detroit and in Michigan and in America who have been awakened today look around us, we too realize here in America we all have a common enemy, whether he’s in Georgia or Michigan, whether he’s in California or New York [Pargraph 8]
In Bandung back in, I think, 1954... [Pargraph 5]
6. Themes
Differences, Loyalty
7. Rhetorical Questions
Are they both the same? And if they’re not, what is the difference?
VICE PRESIDENT JOHNSON – 20TH CENTURY
ReplyDeleteANAPHORA:
- That we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
- both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war
- The energy, the faith, the devotion
METAPHOR:
- riding the back of the tiger
- to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield
- Unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of Isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free."
- to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle
- And the glow from that fire can truly light the world.
BIBLICAL REFERENCE:
- For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.
- For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life.
- With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.
HISTORICAL REFERENCE:
- All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this Administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet.
- In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger.
REPETITION:
- To those old allies, To those new states, To those people,
- Let both sides explore, Let both sides, for the first time, Let both sides seek to invoke, Let both sides unite
- My fellow Americans, My fellow citizens
GEOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE:
- new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free,
- people in the huts and villages of half the globe
- south of our border
- United Nations
- Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?
RHETORICAL QUESTIONS:
- Can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.
- Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?
- Whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.
EMPOWERING LANGUAGE:
- Before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.
- Explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.
- Or the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.
- Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.